By 1700, however, the empire had broken up into areas controlled by many individual ethnic groups. The History of Malawi covers the area of present-day Malawi.The region was once part of the Maravi Empire.In colonial times, the territory was ruled by the British, under whose control it was known first as British Central Africa and later Nyasaland. [86], As of 2009[update], Malawi exports an estimated US$945 million in goods per year. Suffrage is universal at 18 years of age, and the central government budget for 2009/2010 is $1.7 billion. Die land is ook algemeen bekend as die "Warm Hart van Afrika". In the past, the economy has been dependent on substantial economic aid from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other countries. The participation of women in the national political structure has been shown to be weaker than their male counterparts due to the normalization of negative stereotypes which women are not expected to be as politically active as men. [83][84], Among the notable achievements stemming from the implementation of national policies for science, technology and innovation in recent years are the:[83][84], Malawi has a population of over 18 million, with a growth rate of 3.32%, according to 2018 estimates. [17], Malawi's capital is Lilongwe, and its commercial centre is Blantyre with a population of over 500,000 people. Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., een organisatie zonder … Its second-largest is Blantyre, its third-largest is Mzuzu and its fourth-largest is its former capital, Zomba. [3] This includes Times Group, Timveni, Adventist, and Beta, Zodiak and CFC. [131], Its dances are a strong part of Malawi's culture, and the National Dance Troupe (formerly the Kwacha Cultural Troupe) was formed in November 1987 by the government. The political participation of women in Malawi as an index is effectively captured through a myriad of sources; these sources come to similar conclusions in regards to the political participation of women. [42] Local government is administered by central government-appointed regional administrators and district commissioners. Műciĩ műnene wa Malawi nĩ Lilogwe. [83][84], Malawi's first science and technology policy dates from 1991 and was revised in 2002. Nyasa is d' oude benoamienge vo 't Malawimeer die e groot deel van de grenzn van Malawi bepoalt. [58], The status of women throughout the world, including Malawi, is measured using a wide range of indices which cover areas of social, economic, and political contexts. Após o colapso do apartheid em 1994, as relações diplomáticas foram feitas e mantidas em 2011 entre o Malawi e todos os outros países africanos. Het Frans is de officiële taal. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn.Zie de gebruiksvoorwaarden voor meer informatie. Dit bestand is geüpload met Commonist. [83][84][85], The main agricultural products of Malawi include tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, sorghum, cattle and goats. Het wapen van Malawi werd op 30 juni 1964, vlak voor het uitroepen van de onafhankelijkheid van Malawi, ingevoerd en werd verleend door de Britse koningin Elizabeth II van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. In December 2000, the IMF stopped aid disbursements due to corruption concerns, and many individual donors followed suit, resulting in an almost 80% drop in Malawi's development budget. [133], Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region, This article is about the modern state. [43] Malawi has been making progress on decreasing child mortality and reducing the incidences of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; however, the country has been "performing dismally" on reducing maternal mortality and promoting gender equality. Malawi has central hospitals, regional and private facilities. [63] This gap continues with wages in Malawi as the state continues to score towards the bottom of the list when compared to states across the world. The Malawi Congress Party is the ruling party together with several other parties in the Tonse Alliance led by Lazarus Chakwera while the Democratic Progressive Party is the main opposition party. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, pp. An influential opponent of the CAF was Hastings Banda, a European-trained doctor working in Ghana who was persuaded to return to Nyasaland in 1958 to assist the nationalist cause. It is commonly eaten for lunch and dinner. Mali heeft ruim 18 miljoen inwoners … Societal issues found included violence against women, human trafficking, and child labour. In 1961, Banda's Malawi Congress Party (MCP) gained a majority in the Legislative Council elections and Banda became Prime Minister in 1963. The move away from tobacco is further fueled by likely World Health Organisation moves against the particular type of tobacco that Malawi produces, burley leaf. A világon ez a leghosszabb olyan verseny, amit édesvízben rendeznek. [44] In 2012, Malawi was ranked 7th of all countries in sub-Saharan Africa in the Ibrahim Index of African Governance, an index that measures several variables to provide a comprehensive view of the governance of African countries. It lies between latitudes 9° and 18°S, and longitudes 32° and 36°E. Malawi spans over 118,484 km2 (45,747 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 19,431,566 (as of January 2021). Landet er adskilt fra Tanzania og Mozambique ved Malawisøen.Malawi er over 118.000 km 2 med en anslået befolkning på 16.777.547 (skøn juli … The country is nicknamed "The Warm Heart of Africa" because of the friendliness of its people.[12]. Donors to Malawi include the United States, Canada, Germany, Iceland, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Ireland, the UK and Flanders (Belgium), as well as international institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Union, the African Development Bank and UN organisations. Malawi also has 700 kilometres (430 mi) of waterways on Lake Malawi and along the Shire River.[43]. Football teams include Mighty Wanderers, Big Bullets, Silver Strikers, Blue Eagles, Civo Sporting, Moyale Barracks and Mighty Tigers. Its national team has failed to qualify for a World Cup so far, but have made two appearances in the Africa Cup of Nations. The official language is English. [31] Malawi has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world,[44] although economic growth was estimated at 9.7% in 2008 and strong growth is predicted by the International Monetary Fund for 2009. These few employees were then expected to administer and police a territory of around 94,000 square kilometres with between one and two million people. [125][126] Dropout rates are higher for girls than boys,[127] attributed to security problems during long walks to school, as girls face a higher prevalence of gender-based violence. There are four public universities in Malawi: Mzuzu University (MZUNI), Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR), the University of Malawi (UNIMA) and Malawi University of Science and Technology (MUST). Malawi invests more in agriculture (as a share of GDP) than any other African country: 28% of GDP. Lazarus Chakwera of the Malawi Congress Party led the Tonse Alliance grouping of nine political parties and won the court mandated Presidential Election rerun held on 23 June 2020 after the May 2019 Presidential Election was annulled due to massive electoral irregularities. Malawi maintained close relations with South Africa throughout the Apartheid era, which strained Malawi's relationships with other African countries. Centuries later, in 1891, the area was colonised by the British and became a protectorate of the United Kingdom known as Nyasaland. [50] Malawi had one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world. Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 28 okt 2016 om 07:40. As of 2007[update] there was one government-run radio station and approximately a dozen more owned by private enterprise. The surface of Lake Malawi is at 457 metres (1,500 ft) above sea level, with a maximum depth of 701 metres (2,300 ft), which means the lake bottom is over 213 metres (700 ft) below sea level at some points. This setup, despite its commitment to equal positions for men and women, has failed to promote methods for female politicians maintaining their seats in parliament and as a result of said policies, women throughout Malawi are left without the proper structure and resources to maintain their position in the national structure. It became part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.The country achieved full independence, as Malawi, in 1964. Malawi's foreign policy is pro-Western. Malawi (predtým nazývané Ňasa, Njasa, angl. [18], Soon after 1600, with the area mostly united under one native ruler, native tribesmen began encountering, trading with and making alliances with Portuguese traders and members of the military. Malawi (Nyanja: Malaŵi), officieel de Republiek Malawi, is een land in Afrika dat grenst aan Zambia, Tanzania en Mozambique. kwaragio ruthiomi rwa githungu arirũo rutumagirwo obiciinĩ. Malawi nemzeti labdarúgó válogatottjának beceneve Flames (=lángok). A kwacha váltotta fel a Malawi fontot 2 kwacha = 1 font árfolyamon. The country also relies heavily on tea, sugar and coffee, with these three plus tobacco making up more than 90% of Malawi's export revenue. [80], Many analysts believe that economic progress for Malawi depends on its ability to control population growth. [80] However, attendance in secondary school falls to approximately 25%, with attendance rates being slightly higher for males. The fund is endowed with US$8 million from the United Nations Development Programme and the UK Department for International Development. Although the political environment was described as "challenging", it was stated in 2009 that a multi-party system still existed in Malawi. [107], All students in elementary school receive instruction in Chichewa, which is described as the unofficial national language of Malawi. Since 2005, Malawi has developed several programs that focus on addressing these issues, and the country's outlook appears to be improving: Key indicators of progress in the economy, education, and healthcare were seen seen in 2007 and 2008. [106] Major languages include Chichewa, a language spoken by over 57% of the population, Chinyanja (12.8%), Chiyao (10.1%), and Chitumbuka (9.5%). Malawi is de huidige naam voor het voormalige Britse protectoraat Nyasaland. [citation needed], The current social status of women in Malawi is effectively estimated through indices such as female access to schooling, maternal mortality rate, and life expectancy of women from birth. [133] Sugar, coffee, corn, potatoes, sorghum, cattle and goats are also important components of the cuisine and economy. Malawi: A Political and Economic History, London, Pall Mall Press pp.77–9, 83–4. Malawi môže byť: štát v Afrike, pozri Malawi (štát) jazero v Afrike, pozri Malawi (jazero) rieka v Afrike, pozri Malawi (rieka) Toto je rozlišovacia stránka. Malawi, officielt Republikken Malawi, er en indlandsstat i det sydøstlige Afrika, der tidligere var kendt som Nyasaland. Malawi manteve estreitas relações com a África do Sul durante toda a era do Apartheid, que resultaram em relações tensas entre o mesmo e outros países africanos. [116], Infant mortality rates are high, and life expectancy at birth is 50.03 years. Ők képviselték Csehországot a 2019-es Eurovíziós Dalfesztivál, Tel-Avivban, a Friend of a Friend (magyarul: Egy barát barátja) című dallal. [35] In April 2012, Mutharika died of a heart attack; the presidential title was taken over by Vice-President Joyce Banda[36] (not related to the former president Banda). [121], There is a very high degree of risk for major infectious diseases, including bacterial and protozoal diarrhoea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, malaria, plague, schistosomiasis, and rabies. [72], There are five national parks, four wildlife and game reserves and two other protected areas in Malawi. [87] This concern is especially important because the cultivation of Malawian cannabis, known as Malawi Gold, as a drug has increased significantly. [89], Other exported goods are cotton, peanuts, wood products and apparel. hĺbka 704 m, priemerná hĺbka 273 m; Jazero je tektonického pôvodu, odvodňuje ho rieka Shire do Mozambického prielivu.Obklopujú ho vysoké hory. To the south of Lake Malawi lie the Shire Highlands, gently rolling land at approximately 914 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level. The government spends over $120,000 each year on funerals for civil servants who die of the disease. Banda was elected president of the NAC and worked to mobilise nationalist sentiment before being jailed by colonial authorities in 1959. The country is also called "The Warm … The Penal Code punishes women who seek illegal or clinical abortion with 7 years in prison, and 14 years for those perform the abortion. The country's strong reliance on tobacco places a heavy burden on the economy as world prices decline and the international community increases pressure to limit tobacco production. As of 2011[update], there were 3.952 million mobile phones and 173,500 landline telephones in Malawi. Wood carving and oil painting are also popular in more urban centres, with many of the items produced being sold to tourists. [40] The judicial system has been changed several times since Malawi gained independence in 1964. Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., een organisatie zonder … The new document also formally made Malawi a one-party state with the MCP as the only legal party. The high rate of infection has resulted in an estimated 5.8% of the farm labor force dying of the disease. Protest Against 'Culture Of Death' By Malawi Religious Groups", https://web.archive.org/web/20141111184006/http://www.medcol.mw/commhealth/publications/cultural_practices_report.pdf, "Malawi faces calls to review two-year jail term for HIV-positive 'hyena' man", "Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15–24) | Data", "The world youth report: youth and climate change", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. Malawi currently imports an estimated US$1.625 billion in goods per year, with the main commodities being food, petroleum products, consumer goods and transportation equipment. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south and southwest. Lago Malawi) je jazero na hraniciach Tanzánie, Malawi a Mozambiku.. Základné údaje: výška 473 m n. m. rozloha 30 800 km²; max. However, the government was seen to make some effort to prosecute security forces who used excessive force. Ton uáivikaavpug lii Lilongwe . The administrators were given a budget of £10,000 (1891 nominal value) per year, which was enough to employ ten European civilians, two military officers, seventy Punjab Sikhs and eighty-five Zanzibar porters. He was released in 1960 and asked to help draft a new constitution for Nyasaland, with a clause granting Africans the majority in the colony's Legislative Council.[17]. It consists of army, navy and air force elements. Over the past century, ethnic distinctions have diminished to the point where there is no significant inter-ethnic friction, although regional divisions still occur. There are many investment barriers in Malawi, which the government has failed to address, including high service costs and poor infrastructure for power, water, and telecommunications. [48] On 26 July 2011, the United States followed suit, freezing a US$350 million grant, citing concerns regarding the government's suppression and intimidation of demonstrators and civic groups, as well as restriction of the press and police violence.[49]. The area of Africa now known as Malawi had a very small population of hunter-gatherers before waves of Bantu peoples began emigrating from the north around the 10th century. Malawi berbatasan dengan Tanzania di sebelah utara, Zambia di barat laut, dan Mozambik di timur, selatan dan barat. [62] Contrary to the equality found in inheritance rights in Malawi, labour force participation and unemployment highlight the challenges for female employment in the state. The economy is heavily based on agriculture, and it has a largely rural and rapidly growing population. [99], Researchers (HC) in Southern Africa per million inhabitants, 2013 or closest year, Scientific publications per million inhabitants in SADC countries in 2014. Around 85% of the population live in rural areas. [76][77][78] The overall cost to the economy (and healthcare system) is unknown. Lake Malawi is a source of fish including chambo (similar to bream), usipa (similar to sardines), and mpasa (similar to salmon and kampango). Thiomi cia Malawi. The Federation was dissolved in 1963, and on 6 July 1964, Nyasaland became independent from British rule and renamed itself Malawi, and that is commemorated as the nation's Independence Day, a public holiday. [17] Malawi has two sites listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. [43] Beginning in 2006, the country began mixing unleaded petrol with 10% ethanol, produced in-country at two plants, to reduce dependence on imported fuel. Ondercategorieën Deze categorie bevat de volgende 9 ondercategorieën, van een totaal van 9. [123] Some of the major health facilities in the country are Blantyre Adventist Hospital, Mwaiwathu Private Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central and Kamuzu Central Hospitals. [31] Multiparty parliamentary and presidential elections were held for the fourth time in Malawi in May 2009, and President Mutharika was successfully re-elected, despite charges of election fraud from his rival.[32]. [citation needed], The Great Rift Valley runs through the country from north to south, and to the east of the valley lies Lake Malawi (also called Lake Nyasa), making up over three-quarters of Malawi's eastern boundary. This brings the number of public universities to four, with the University of Malawi and Mzuzu University; Improvement in biomedical research capacity through the five-year Health Research Capacity Strengthening Initiative (2008–2013) awarding research grants and competitive scholarships at PhD, master's and first degree levels, supported by the UK Wellcome Trust and DfID; Strides made in conducting cotton confined field trials, with support from the US Program for Biosafety Systems, Monsanto and LUANAR; Introduction of ethanol fuel as an alternative fuel to petrol and the adoption of ethanol technology; Launch of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy for Malawi in December 2013, to drive the deployment of ICTs in all economic and productive sectors and improve ICT infrastructure in rural areas, especially via the establishment of telecentres; and. Although the Science and Technology Act of 2003 made provision for the creation of this commission, it only became operational in 2011, with a secretariat resulting from the merger of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Council. [83][84], Malawi is conscious of the need to attract more foreign investment to foster technology transfer, develop human capital and empower the private sector to drive economic growth. A second Vice President may be appointed by the President if so chosen, although they must be from a different party. The Secretariat of the National Commission for Science and Technology has reviewed the Strategic Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (2011–2015) but, as of early 2015, the revised policy had not yet met with Cabinet approval. For its predecessor, see, Location of Malawi (dark green) in southeast, * Population estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to, Cite error: The named reference "DHS 2016" was defined multiple times with different content (see the. Lake Malawi has been described as having one of the richest lake fish faunas in the world, being the home for some 200 mammal, 650 bird, 30+ mollusc, and 5,500+ plant species. There are smaller Presbyterian denominations like the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Malawi and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Malawi. The Malawian Navy was established in the early 1970s with Portuguese support, presently having three vessels operating on Lake Malawi, based in Monkey Bay. [83][84], In 2014, Malawian scientists had the third-largest output in Southern Africa, in terms of articles catalogued in international journals. The Federation was dissolved in 1963. Siskáldâslisto [citation needed], In 1994, free primary education for all Malawian children was established by the government, and primary education has been compulsory since the passage of the Revised Education Act in 2012. De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn.Zie de gebruiksvoorwaarden voor meer informatie. [96][97] Malawi television is improving. [17], Animal life indigenous to Malawi includes mammals such as elephants, hippos, antelopes, buffaloes, big cats, monkeys, rhinos and bats; a great variety of birds including birds of prey, parrots and falcons, waterfowl and large waders, owls and songbirds. [citation needed], Football is the most common sport in Malawi, introduced there during British colonial rule. The industrial production growth rate is estimated at 10% (2009). These influxes of refugees have placed a strain on the Malawian economy but have also drawn significant inflows of aid from other countries. Over the last century, tea and groundnuts have increased in relative importance while cotton … [43][44] Because of a rise in costs and a decline in sales prices, Malawi is encouraging farmers away from tobacco towards more profitable crops, including spices such as paprika. The change was reverted in 2012. [22] In 1907, the protectorate was renamed Nyasaland, a name it retained for the remainder of its time under British rule. Production facilities are to be established for a wide range of products within the three selected clusters: oil seed products, sugar cane products and manufacturing. [74], Malawi is among the world's least developed countries. Bururi wa Abĩrika: Malawi (Nyanja: Malaŵi), officieel de Republiek Malawi is 'n land in Afrika, d'n 'oôdstad is Lilongwe, Malawi ei 16.777.547 inweuners en leit an het Malawimeer.De levensverwachting is vuuftig jaer. This corresponds to $7.8 per researcher (in current purchasing parity dollars). The altitude moderates what would otherwise be an equatorial climate. Malawi grenst an Zambia, Tanzania en Mozambique. LUANAR was delinked from the University of Malawi. Malawi (/ m ə ˈ l ɔː w i /, / m ə ˈ l ɑː w i / utawi / ˈ m æ l ə w i /; Mal:IPA-ny utawi ), inggih punika silih tunggil negari ring benoa Afrika. [43], Agriculture accounts for 35% of GDP, industry for 19% and services for the remaining 46%. [79] The poverty rate in Malawi is decreasing through the work of the government and supporting organisations, with people living under the poverty line decreasing from 54% in 1990 to 40% in 2006, and the percentage of "ultra-poor" decreasing from 24% in 1990 to 15% in 2007. In 2012, most foreign investment flowed to infrastructure (62%) and the energy sector (33%). [19] The Indian Ocean slave trade reached its height in the mid- There were 716,400 Internet users in 2009, and 1,099 Internet hosts as of 2012[update]. In 2008, President Mutharika had implemented reforms to address the country's major corruption problem, with at least five senior UDF party members facing criminal charges. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press. [57] In May 2012, then-President Joyce Banda pledged to repeal laws criminalizing homosexuality. [92], In 2016, Malawi was hit by a drought, and in January 2017, the country reported an outbreak of armyworms around Zomba. The executive includes a President who is both Head of State and Head of Government, first and second Vice President's and the Cabinet of Malawi. [10] Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa, takes up about a third of Malawi's area. [70], Malawi's climate is hot in the low-lying areas in the south of the country and temperate in the northern highlands. Re-elected in 1999, Muluzi remained president until 2004, when Bingu wa Mutharika was elected. This support should speed up the implementation of new business models and/or the adoption of technologies. Dit het ’n geraamde bevolking van 18 091 575 (2016). [59] Female students in Malawi, though, see consistent declines as the age increases, signifying the failure of compulsory education amongst female students in Malawi. ); and. The country has a diverse population that includes native peoples, Asians, and Europeans. [25] In 1953, Britain linked Nyasaland with Northern and Southern Rhodesia in what was the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, often called the Central African Federation (CAF),[23] for mainly political reasons. The transition from a one-party state to a multi-party democracy strengthened Malawian ties with the United States. The main industries are tobacco, tea and sugar processing, sawmill products, cement and consumer goods. As a result, attendance rates for all children have improved, with enrollment rates for primary schools up from 58% in 1992 to 75% in 2007. [23] In a prime example of what is sometimes called the "Thin White Line" of colonial authority in Africa, the colonial government of Nyasaland was formed in 1891. Malawi is bestuurlijk onderverdeeld in 28 districten, verdeeld over drie regio's. Zuid-Soedan, Ontwikkelingsprogramma van de Verenigde Naties, Monumenten op de Werelderfgoedlijst in Malawi, Lijst van staatshoofden en premiers van Malawi, Niet officiële schatting CIA Factbook juli 2020, UNDP: Human development indices - Table 3: Human and income poverty (Population living below national poverty line (2000-2010)), Sahrawi Arabische Democratische Republiek, Sint-Helena, Ascension en Tristan da Cunha, https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malawi&oldid=58255562, Wikipedia:Lokale afbeelding anders dan op Wikidata, Wikipedia:Artikel mist referentie sinds maart 2010, Wikipedia:Alle artikelen die een referentie missen, Wikipedia:Commonscat met lokaal zelfde link als op Wikidata, Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen. [53][54][55], As of 2010[update], homosexuality has been illegal in Malawi. Obsahuje rozličné významy uvedeného hesla. HIV/AIDS is highly prevalent, which both reduces the labour force and requires increased government expenditures. In one 2010 case, a couple perceived as homosexual faced extensive jail time when convicted. This is called a divergent plate tectonics boundary. Költői formában Száz kakas csinál a hajnalt. The country was the first in southern Africa to receive peacekeeping training under the African Crisis Response Initiative. [101][102][103] The population is forecast to grow to over 45 million people by 2050, nearly tripling the estimated 16 million in 2010. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}13°30′S 34°00′E / 13.500°S 34.000°E / -13.500; 34.000, Malawi (/məˈlɔːwi, məˈlɑːwi, ˈmæləwi/; Chewa: [maláβi] or [maláwi]),[9] officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. Several languages are spoken, and there is an array of religious beliefs. [129], The name "Malawi" comes from the Maravi, a Bantu people who emigrated from the southern Congo around 1400 AD. A review of secondary school curricula in 2013. It maintains positive diplomatic relations with most countries, and participates in several international organisations, including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and the African Union (AU).
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